Ovarian cancer and menstration (periods)
The link between ovarian cancer and menstruation can be confusing. Having ovarian cancer doesn't necessarily mean your period will stop or change. However, changes in your period could sometimes be signs of ovarian cancer.
In this article, we’ll explain how ovarian cancer can affect menstruation and what symptoms to look out for.
Woman with a hot-water bottle.
The link between menstruation and ovarian cancer
Ovarian cancer develops in the ovaries, which play a key role in menstruation and hormone regulation. This connection means ovarian cancer can sometimes affect periods, but these effects can vary widely. Understanding these potential changes is important for recognising symptoms early.
The role of hormones in ovarian cancer
Hormones like estrogen and progesterone influence both ovarian function and menstruation. When ovarian cancer disrupts hormone production, it can lead to changes in your cycle or other symptoms related to hormonal imbalance.
Ovulation and ovarian cancer
Ovulation—the release of an egg from the ovary—is closely linked to hormonal cycles. If ovarian cancer interferes with ovulation, it may result in irregular periods or other changes in your menstrual health.
Woman talk with her doctor.
How ovarian cancer can affect your period
Ovarian cancer might cause noticeable changes to your menstrual cycle. While these changes aren’t always linked to cancer, it’s important to understand the possibilities.
Can a missed period mean ovarian cancer?
A missed period can happen for many reasons, but in rare cases, it may signal an underlying issue like ovarian cancer.
Does an irregular period increase your risk of ovarian cancer?
Irregular periods aren’t a direct cause of ovarian cancer. However, hormonal imbalances linked to irregular cycles could potentially increase risks over time. Having fewer cycles will lower the risk of ovarian cancer.
Can ovarian cancer cause more painful periods?
Period pain happens when your womb tightens during your period. It's often a normal part of the menstrual cycle.
Sometimes painful periods can be caused by a condition such as:
- womb tissue growing in other places (endometriosis)
- growths in and around the womb
- an infection of the womb, fallopian tubes and ovaries
Some people with ovarian cancer report increased cramping or discomfort during their periods due to tumour growth or inflammation.
Inflammation is your body’s response to an illness, injury or something that doesn’t belong in your body. It is an important part of your body healing and can cause tenderness, heat, and swelling.
Can ovarian cancer affect your flow?
Changes in the heaviness or lightness of your period can sometimes be linked to ovarian cancer.
- Heavier flow: Tumours affecting the uterus or ovaries may lead to heavier periods in some cases.
- Lighter flow: On the other hand, hormonal disruptions could result in lighter or less frequent periods.
Are ovarian cancer symptoms worse during your period?
For some individuals, symptoms like bloating or pelvic pain might feel more intense during their period.
Bleeding between periods
Spotting or bleeding between periods could be an early sign of ovarian cancer and should be discussed with your GP. Ovarian cancer symptoms are often vague or linked to other, less serious illnesses.
If you are experiencing other symptoms such as persistent bloating, tummy pain, feeling full quickly or needing to pee more often - please speak with your doctor as soon as possible to rule out serious causes, such as ovarian cancer.
When to see a GP if you’re concerned about symptoms
If you notice significant changes in your menstrual cycle or experience persistent symptoms like pain, bloating, or unusual bleeding, book an appointment with your GP. Early diagnosis can make a big difference.
Take a look through our support for when you're experiencing ovarian cancer symptoms.
What to do if you're experiencing symptoms
Does contraception affect your chances of developing ovarian cancer?
Some forms of contraception (birth control), particularly the contraceptive pill, may reduce your risk of developing ovarian cancer. Learn more about risks and causes of ovarian cancer.
How ovarian cancer treatment can affect your period
Treatments for ovarian cancer often have a significant impact on your periods. Depending on whether you have a hysterectomy, oophorectomy and/or chemotherapy, the impact may be different but all will have an affect on the menstrual cycle.
Hysterectomy
A hysterectomy removes the uterus, permanently stopping menstruation, which means no periods.
Oophorectomy
This surgery removes one or both ovaries, which can halt periods and trigger early menopause.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy can temporarily or permanently disrupt menstrual cycles, depending on the treatment plan.
Managing menstrual changes with ovarian cancer
Adjusting to menstrual changes caused by ovarian cancer can be challenging, but there are ways to cope.
Coping with physical symptoms
Speak to your GP about managing pain, heavy bleeding, or other symptoms. Lifestyle changes, medication, and emotional support can make a big difference.
Staying informed
Understanding the connection between ovarian cancer and menstruation is crucial for identifying potential symptoms early.
Changes to your period—such as irregularity, heavier or lighter flow, or unusual pain—may not always indicate ovarian cancer, but they are worth discussing with your GP.
